After Katrina, mitigation measures like new flood walls, levees and pumping stations helped hold back the water and protected New Orleans from flooding as Ida dumped as much as 10 to 18 inches of rain in some areas, knocked out power to millions amid soaring temperatures and humidity, and disabled water and sewer systems.

But Ida also delivered the biggest post-Katrina test yet in the state’s epic and costly battle to save its fragile coast, and answers to the question of just how well those restoration efforts fared will emerge in the coming days and weeks.

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Amid the Misery of Hurricane Ida, Coastal Restoration Offers Hope. But the Price Is High