A study by the Indian Institute of Technology, Rourkee, estimates that 50 million people have been displaced due to development projects’ over 50 years in India. The study states that of the 50 million people, 16.4 million were displaced by dams, 2.55 million by mines, 1.25 million by industrial development and 0.6 million by wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. One of the largest dam-induced displacement projects in the recent decades has been the Polavaram Multipurpose irrigation project that involved submergence of 42,000 ha of land across the 3 states of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The estimated number of people facing displacement is 1,17,034 across 276 villages (as per the 2001 Census). All the displacement is in the state of Andhra Pradesh.From 1970 to 2008, there have been approximately 100,000 people who have been displaced by the creation of Protected Areas (PAs). Around 40% of the project-affected and displaced people from 1951 to 1980 belonged to tribal communities. In Myanmar, Land grab’ is a widely acknowledged term to refer to the state-driven forced acquisition of land. The Letpadaung copper project in Sagaing Region involved the acquisition of 6,785 acres of land, largely farmlands, from 30 villages. 245 families from 4 villages have been forcibly moved to resettlement sites. 196 families are refusing to move at the risk of forced eviction. The Asia Highway, a large-scale project funded by the Asian Development Bank, has a section of it passing through Southeastern Myanmar, crossing 17 villages and 3 townships in the Sagaing Region. The project was initiated without consulting the locals and has caused eviction from all these villages. The construction of Thilawa Special Economic Zone is a prime example of this. The military government started confiscating land from the local farmers to build this economic zone in 1997, using the land laws prevalent then, offering very little or no compensation. The land acquisition law of 2013 in India has added a specific section on assessing livelihood loss through social impact assessments and ascertaining compensations for the same. It clearly laid down the definition of Affected Families’ to include farm labourers, fishers, share croppers, forest rights holders, gatherers of forest produce and so on.The Parsa East Kete Besan coal mine in Chhattisgarh involves land use change of 2,711.034 ha. The mine is located in the Hasdeo Arand region, which is home to a large population of tribal and other traditional forest dwellers.In another case, the operations of the Coastal Gujarat Power Limited in Kutch in Gujarat, have impacted two important fishing harbours. This was marked by a reduction in fish catch, impacts of coal ash on fish drying activities, particularly carried out by women, and constrained access to the fishing harbour.Farmers made landless, find it hard to secure jobs; the random jobs they pick up are unstable and pay very little.The construction of Mone Hydropower Dam led to submergence of 13 villages. The government authorities deemed that they were not responsible for compensation or relocation allowance to the villagers because the displacement was not caused by land confiscation but by the flood.30 villagers from Char Khan fishing village were asked to vacate the area for the first phase of Dawei SEZ when 3 fishers refused to move, they were imprisoned for a month. The Labutta Township Forestry Department sued 12 local farmers for illegally fishing, breeding prawns, and felling wood in a forest reserve. Government-licensed mining has impacted small-scale jade collection. Now, some of them make a living by picking pieces of jade in the waste dumped by mining companies. Around 49 areas have been declared unsafe for human habitation in the Raniganj coalfield area of West Bengal. The Damodar River is the major source of water in the regions of West Bengal and Jharkhand and is perhaps the most polluted river in India as it receives wastes from many industries situated on its banks. Studies have indicated that open cast quarries, coal washeries, thermal power plants, coke-oven plants, cement factories and fertiliser plants add to air pollution. The construction of large dams and ports alters the relationship of water and land, destroying the existing ecosystem balance, hydrology and fisheries. Air and water pollution and soil erosion are the two main issues that occur when large areas on landscapes get changed for the construction of roads and railway lines. The study is available at: http://cprindia.org/sites/default/files/Final%20IDRC%20Report%20for%20Website_%2021-6-2018.pdf